The TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) and TNF receptor superfamilies (TNFSF and TNFRSF) consist of approximately 50 membrane and soluble proteins that can modulate cellular function. Most of these molecules are expressed by or can target cells of the immune system, and they have a wide range of actions including promoting cellular differentiation, survival, and production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Members of the TNFRSF (Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor superfamily ) participate prominently in B-cell maturation and function. In particular, BAFFR (B-cell Activating Factor) belonging to the TNF family receptor, BCMA (B-Cell Maturation Antigen), and transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) play critical roles in promoting B-cell survival at distinct stages of development by engaging a proliferation-inducing ligand APRIL (A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand) and/or BAFF (Ref.1). References 1.Signaling by the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily in B-cell biology and disease. Rickert RC, Jellusova J, Miletic AV. Immunol Rev. 2011 Nov;244(1):115-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01067.x. 2.In vitro and in vivo activation induces BAFF and APRIL expression in B cells. Chu VT, Enghard P, Riemekasten G, Berek C. J Immunol. 2007 Nov 1;179(9):5947-57. Bossen C, Cachero TG, Tardivel A, Ingold K, Willen L, Dobles M, Scott ML, Maquelin A, Belnoue E, Siegrist CA, Chevrier S, Acha-Orbea H, Leung H, Mackay F, Tschopp J, Schneider P. Blood. 2008 Feb 1;111(3):1004-12. Epub 2007 Oct 17. He B, Santamaria R, Xu W, Cols M, Chen K, Puga I, Shan M, Xiong H, Bussel JB, Chiu A, Puel A, Reichenbach J, Marodi L, Döffinger R, Vasconcelos J, Issekutz A, Krause J, Davies G, Li X, Grimbacher B, Plebani A, Meffre E, Picard C, Cunningham-Rundles C, Casanova JL, Cerutti A. Nat Immunol. 2010 Sep;11(9):836-45. Epub 2010 Aug 1. Xia XZ, Treanor J, Senaldi G, Khare SD, Boone T, Kelley M, Theill LE, Colombero A, Solovyev I, Lee F, McCabe S, Elliott R, Miner K, Hawkins N, Guo J, Stolina M, Yu G, Wang J, Delaney J, Meng SY, Boyle WJ, Hsu H. J Exp Med. 2000 Jul 3;192(1):137-43. 6.Innate control of B cell responses. Cerutti A, Puga I, Cols M. Trends Immunol. 2011 May;32(5):202-11. Epub 2011 Mar 16. Review. |