Description
BMPs (Bone morphogenetic proteins) are the members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of secreted signaling molecules [Ref.1]. Transduction of BMP signal involves two types of transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptors: type I and type II [Ref.1]. BMP2, BMP4, BMP5,BMP6, BMP7, BMP8, BMP9, BMP10, BMP12, BMP13 and BMP14 (Bone morphogenetic protein 2, 4, 5, 6 ,7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13 and 14) can bind to three type I receptors: BMPR1A (Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IA), BMPR1B (Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IB) and ALK-2 (Activin A receptor, type I) and two type II receptor, BMPR2A (Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IIA) and ACTRIIA [Ref.1]. Various antagonists such as, Noggin, Tsg (twisted gastrulation), GREM1, Follistatin and Chordin bind to BMP ligands and block signaling. [Ref.2 &3] References:
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